Seeta (or Sita) Devi (1912–1983), born Renee Smith, was one
of the early stars of silent films in the Indian film industry. Himanshu Rai
cast Smith, an Anglo-Indian, in Prem Sanyas, the movie which is better known by
its English title: The Light of Asia. This was her debut film as Seeta Devi,
and it made her a star immediately. Later she acted under the banner of Madan
Theatres as well.
Three of her most successful films were: The Light of Asia,
Shiraz, and Prapancha Pash. All three of these films were made through the
collaboration of German film director Franz Osten and Indian actor-producer
Himanshu Rai along with Bavarian company Emelka. This unique trilogy were
connected to three different religions and based on three different stories of
Indian history/mythology: The Light of Asia was based on the life of Buddha,
Shiraz was based on construction of the Taj Mahal and Prapancha Pash, better
known by its English title A Throw of Dice, was based on a story from the
Mahabharata. Seeta Devi was the leading actress in all these three films,
though the role in Shiraz was that of 'the other woman'.
Three of her other successful films, Durgesh Nandini, Kapal
Kundala and Krishnakanter Will were based on popular novels of Bankim Chandra
Chatterjee.
The Light of Asia, 1925
The film was an Indo-European co-production, with German
technicians and Indian actors, and it managed to steer clear of the usual
exotic depiction of Indian culture favored by western filmmakers up until then.
It was made with the cooperation of the Maharajah of Jaipur and contained a
cast of thousands. Shooting took place in Lahore, in what is now Pakistan,
where the set decoration was created by Devika Rani, the wife of actor/director
Himanshu Rai and a noted actress herself. The film was released in the USA by
the Film Arts Guild on 11 May 1928. A tale from India about the origin of the
Buddha, Prem Sanyas depicts the story of Prince Siddhartha Gautama (portrayed
by director Himansu Rai), the man who became the Buddha, as he journeys from
privilege and seclusion to awareness of the inevitability of life's suffering,
finally renouncing his kingdom to seek enlightenment. The film was restored by
Arte, and released in 2001.
Shiraz, 1929
Shiraz is a multilayered fairy tale that tells the story of
the humble architect Shiraz, who devotes his life to the adoration of Selima, a
woman fated for royalty. The central character, named for the city of Shiraz in
Iran where many famous Persian poets are buried, is a wholly fictitious
creation. Several historical facts pertaining to the origin of the Taj Mahal
have been altered for the screen version, such as the name of the princess for
whom it was built (known in the film as Selima, her real name was Arjunand
Banu). While Shah Jahan, the fifth Moghul emperor, did indeed build the Taj
Mahal as an expression of his eternal devotion to his queen, the film depends
on the fictional character of Shiraz to tell its story of unrequited love and ultimate
transcendence. Upon its release Shiraz
received great critical acclaim.
A Throw of Dice, 1929
The movie is about two kings vying for the love of a
hermit's daughter, the beautiful Sunita. The two kings, Ranjit and Sohan, share
a passion for gambling and decide to play a game of craps to determine who will
marry her. Sunita wishes to marry Ranjit. Ranjit loses the game to the
nefarious Sohan and as a forfeit becomes his slave. Sunita soon uncovers the
truth about Sohan's evil deeds and to escape punishment he hurls himself off a
cliff into the rapids below. Ranjit and Sunita are reunited and married. This
movie is also known for first lip-lock kisses, and passionate love scenes
between Sunita and Ranjit (Charu Roy).
A Throw of Dice has been in the British Film Institute
(BFI)’s archives since 1945, though rarely seen. In 2006, in honor of the 60th
anniversary of Indian independence, the film was digitally restored, then
re-released at the Luminato Festival in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on 13 June
2008, with a new orchestral score by British Indian composer Nitin Sawhney. The
United States release occurred on 30 July 2008 during the Grant Park Music
Festival at the Jay Pritzker Pavilion in Chicago, Illinois.
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